Cor pulmonale

Cor pulmonale is a condition characterized by right-sided heart failure resulting from long-term pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs). Here are key points about cor pulmonale:

1. **Causes:** It is often associated with chronic respiratory conditions that lead to increased resistance in the pulmonary arteries, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, or long-term exposure to high altitudes.

2. **Pathophysiology:** Chronic pulmonary hypertension strains the right side of the heart, leading to hypertrophy (thickening) and eventually failure of the right ventricle.

3. **Symptoms:**

   - Swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid retention.

   - Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.

   - Fatigue.

   - Bluish tint to the lips and skin (cyanosis) in advanced cases.

4. **Diagnosis:**

   - Medical history and physical examination.

   - Imaging studies such as echocardiography to assess heart function.

   - Pulmonary function tests to evaluate lung function.

   - Right heart catheterization may be done to measure pulmonary artery pressure directly.

5. **Treatment:**

   - Addressing the underlying cause, such as managing respiratory conditions like COPD.

   - Medications to reduce pulmonary hypertension and improve heart function.

   - Oxygen therapy to improve blood oxygen levels.

   - Diuretics to manage fluid retention.

   - In some cases, lung transplantation may be considered.

Cor pulmonale requires a comprehensive approach involving both respiratory and cardiac management. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause, the degree of pulmonary hypertension, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.